Advancing the Conservation of the Galápagos Petrel on Santiago Island
Amid the rugged terrain of Santiago Island, the Galápagos Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) fights for survival. Endemic to the archipelago, and genetically distinct on each island where it nests, this seabird is a sensitive indicator of changes in both the marine where it forages and terrestrial environment where it nests. Invasive predators and the fragility of its nesting habitat pose a particularly vexing threat to the species’ persistence.
Once home to the largest Galápagos petrel nesting colonies, Santiago Island hosted approximately 11,250 pairs in the 1970s. By 1985, this number had plummeted to fewer than 500 pairs. Although the current population remains at risk, progress in conservation and monitoring efforts is providing valuable insights into the species’ needs. Galápagos Conservancy, with support from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, is proud to lead initiatives that address invasive species—the greatest threat to the petrel’s reproductive success—through science-based strategies and field action.
2024 Expeditions: Progress Toward Recovery
In 2024, two expeditions—one in July and another in October—were conducted to assess breeding success for the 2024-2025 season and to evaluate threats to the Galápagos Petrel on Santiago Island. A multidisciplinary team of park rangers and researchers from Galápagos Conservancy braved challenging, remote landscapes to monitor historical nesting colonies and implement targeted conservation measures for this iconic species.
Monitoring Nests and Combating Threats
Despite adverse weather conditions, the July expedition gathered critical data. Acoustic monitoring was used to better define where on the island the species nests. Of 340 nests discovered in these areas, 88 contained chicks and 49 juveniles successfully fledged, flying to aggregation zones at sea. The team banded 23 individuals, including adults and juveniles, while collecting genetic samples to deepen understanding of the species’ biology.
However, predators remain a significant threat. Evidence of predation by rats and fire ants was found for four eggs, 21 chicks, and six juveniles, highlighting the ongoing pressure from invasive species that jeopardize the petrel’s survival.
Invasive Species Control and Reproductive Success
During this mission, rat poison was deployed at 166 strategic locations, and nearly 700 fire ant colonies were treated, significantly reducing predator pressure. This effort yielded positive results: of the 340 nests inspected, nearly a third produced juveniles that successfully fledged, demonstrating the effectiveness of conservation actions, particularly the intensive control of invasive predators like rats and fire ants. The team also advanced habitat characterization efforts, establishing a solid foundation for ongoing monitoring and conservation.
Strengthening Infrastructure and Commitment
Santiago Island presents persistent challenges, from its isolation to the continued threat of invasive species. Galápagos Conservancy is actively improving the area’s infrastructure, including the renovation of the La Central field station, to enhance logistical operations in this remote environment.
Dr. Jorge Carrión, Galápagos Conservancy’s Director of Conservation, emphasized, “Strengthening infrastructure on Santiago Island is essential for our joint operations with the Galápagos National Park Directorate. It enhances the efficiency of our conservation missions and underscores our commitment to protecting the Galápagos Petrel.”
A Promising Future for the Galápagos Petrel
The 2024 expeditions not only advanced the recovery of this iconic species but also highlighted the importance of collaboration among Galápagos Conservancy, the Galápagos National Park Directorate, and other strategic partners. Through science-driven actions and careful planning, we are forging a safer future for the Galápagos Petrel.
Moving forward, the focus will remain on eradicating invasive species, enhancing infrastructure, and increasing monitoring efforts in critical nesting areas. Every protected nest and mitigated threat brings us closer to securing the future of the Galápagos Petrel and preserving the natural wonders of the archipelago.
Through sustained dedication, science-led initiatives, and collaborative action, the Galápagos Petrel is moving toward a brighter future on Santiago Island.
